Wisconsin’s century-old model of forestry comes under pressure
*As the nation's leading papermaking state, Wisconsin feels the disruption caused by digital media acutely. The state's ink-on-paper economy has been shrinking for over a decade — pulpwood is the largest volume consumer of Wisconsin-grown timber — while the 2008 housing meltdown was so severe that sawmills and lumber works have yet to fully recover.
*Family-owned woodland, which accounts for more than half of the state's forests, is being inherited by a generation that is less inclined to maintain the land as "working" forests — those that feed paper mills and saw mills — and more inclined to sell it off piecemeal.
*Wall Street investors have been buying up forestland in Wisconsin and other states, then parceling it and flipping it. Some of the land becomes subdivisions and golf courses, and some is held by investment funds that sell it in far less time than it takes a tree to reach harvesting maturity.
*The globalization of the economy since the 1990s has increased competition from warmer climates such as South America and southern Asia, which can grow pulpwood more efficiently than Wisconsin, where brutal winters annually interrupt growth cycles.